Greenhousing The Wrong Way :: essays research papers fc

Greenhousing the Wrong Way Exactly what is the "Greenhouse Effect?" The "Greenhouse Effect" is the common name given to global warming. The effect is named so due to its similarities to the function of a greenhouse. Heat from the sun is allowed into our atmosphere, and then bounces off of the Earth and heads back out to space. But now that we have a wall of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and CFC's, the sun's heat rays bounce back towards the Earth. The continuous burning of fossil fuels and the rain forests is causing excess amounts of carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide acts as the walls of a greenhouse that encompasses the whole world, trapping heat into the atmosphere. The thickening of the blanket is causing more heat to be trapped resulting in the warming of the earth. One great example of the Greenhouse Effect is the planet Venus. Venus's atmosphere had a thick layer of CO2, giving the planet's surface a temperature warm enough to melt lead. So What Does All This "Greenhouse" Stuff Have To Do With Me? As the temperatures rise, the waters get warmer and begin the melting process of the polar ice caps (Popular Science). Long term predictions of Global warming say that the melting of the polar ice caps will continue causing ocean waters to rise, resulting in massive coastal flooding of major cities such as Los Angeles and Miami. If the next century's warming stays at a low end of estimates, the consequences are likely to be mild. But if warming reaches the middle or top estimates, we are likely to see such things as more frequent and more intense heat waves, increased flooding, and droughts in different areas. Not to mention the 60,000,000 migrants that would be caused if only 1% of our future population had to seek higher ground. This many migrants would help to further our already crowded cities, and take more jobs and require health care. Diseases such as malaria and other insect borne ailments will have an expanded range if the tropics continue to warm. If conditions change faster than species can adapt, many, many, many animals will become extinct (World Book). So What Am I Supposed To About All These Man Made Disasters? Become knowledgeable about the subject of global warming. Recognize that global warming may worsen and prepare yourself and others for it. Greenhousing The Wrong Way :: essays research papers fc Greenhousing the Wrong Way Exactly what is the "Greenhouse Effect?" The "Greenhouse Effect" is the common name given to global warming. The effect is named so due to its similarities to the function of a greenhouse. Heat from the sun is allowed into our atmosphere, and then bounces off of the Earth and heads back out to space. But now that we have a wall of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and CFC's, the sun's heat rays bounce back towards the Earth. The continuous burning of fossil fuels and the rain forests is causing excess amounts of carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide acts as the walls of a greenhouse that encompasses the whole world, trapping heat into the atmosphere. The thickening of the blanket is causing more heat to be trapped resulting in the warming of the earth. One great example of the Greenhouse Effect is the planet Venus. Venus's atmosphere had a thick layer of CO2, giving the planet's surface a temperature warm enough to melt lead. So What Does All This "Greenhouse" Stuff Have To Do With Me? As the temperatures rise, the waters get warmer and begin the melting process of the polar ice caps (Popular Science). Long term predictions of Global warming say that the melting of the polar ice caps will continue causing ocean waters to rise, resulting in massive coastal flooding of major cities such as Los Angeles and Miami. If the next century's warming stays at a low end of estimates, the consequences are likely to be mild. But if warming reaches the middle or top estimates, we are likely to see such things as more frequent and more intense heat waves, increased flooding, and droughts in different areas. Not to mention the 60,000,000 migrants that would be caused if only 1% of our future population had to seek higher ground. This many migrants would help to further our already crowded cities, and take more jobs and require health care. Diseases such as malaria and other insect borne ailments will have an expanded range if the tropics continue to warm. If conditions change faster than species can adapt, many, many, many animals will become extinct (World Book). So What Am I Supposed To About All These Man Made Disasters? Become knowledgeable about the subject of global warming. Recognize that global warming may worsen and prepare yourself and others for it.

Important Quotes About Science Essay

A. Cause and Effect: a. means/end: Is science means to what? b. assumptions and antecedents: what does precede scientific research? c. Implications and Consequences: what will follow from ethically unhealthy scientific research? B. Contrast: a. Tension/opposition: what is the tension existing between ethics and scientific research? b. contradictions: What is the contradiction between preserving ethics and developing scientific research? c. paradox: What is paradox inherent in preserving ethics and developing scientific research? C. Change: a. evolutionary: What kinds of changes can evolve through science? b. revolutionary: are revolutionary changes involved with science? c. growth/decay: Is the scientific research growing nowadays? D. values: a. ethical/moral: Is reckless scientific research ethically right? b. practical: does the scientific research have practical values? c. social: How do social opinions vary between ethics and science? d. political: what does the politics support between these two? e. spiritual/metaphysical: what is the spiritual value of science? E. Form/structure: a. superficial vs. deep: what is the relationship between superficial appearance and deep significance in scientific research? b. form vs. function: Why people are constantly calling for more scientific development? Thesis: People should pursue scientific research until the point at which individual rights are not severely violated and objects—being animals or humans or whatever they might be—are not physically and mentally injured. The advancement of science, which is the pursuit of knowledge, is the primary value by itself. Important quotes: 1. Verhoog: a. If one wanted to attribute intrinsic value to animals, one should try to argue by analogy that vertebrate animals had conscious experiences as well. b. ‘yes-but’ policy goes together with a consequentialist approach in ethics. c. The change from yes-but to no-unless is change from a consequentialist to a deontologist approach. d. With this new interpretation of intrinsic value it can be argued that the production of transgenic animals by crossing species-barriers violates the nature or integrity of the animals involved, even if there is no indication of suffering by the modified animal. e. The experience described here shows that it is very difficult to integrate science and ethics†¦but the natural scientists themselves seem to have great reservations in actually doing it. f. Between the responsibility of the ‘scientist as scientist’ and the responsibility of the ‘scientist as citizen.’ g. Ethical discourse, on the other hand, is said to be subjective, to consensus. There is no objective foundation upon which consensus in ethics should be grounded. h. Two things stand in the way of further integration, the scientist’s self-image of science as objective, and the complementary view of ethics as totally subjective. i. Good reasons approach-it is based upon the idea that in normative decision-making a specific kind of rationality is involved, in which, beside factual elements, normative premises play a role. j. An important consequence of this view of ethical reasoning is that both facts and values are treated as rationally comprehensible, having inter-subjective meaning. k. The argument that, in actual social practice, contextual values interfere with constitutive values in many parts of science is not enough. l. Wanting to separate science from ethics, as two totally independent spheres of life, is to deny that the scientist is first of all a moral agent, with a moral responsibility for what she/he is doing in a social context. m. Another reason is that human attitudes toward nature and towards animals are changing rather rapidly from the attitude of ruler and steward to that of partner of nature. n. Splitting up the world into facts and values, into science and ethics, is not a logical necessity. 2. Allen a. There can be no higher, better, more trustworthy authority about the direction of knowledge than knowledge. b. The same modernization that destroyed the idea of forbidden knowledge also destroyed that idea of responsibility for knowledge. c. What continues to make us adaptable is our capacity to change, and what guides that change so far as it is guided and not left up to change, is knowledge. d. The low value of operational how-to-knowledge in contrast to contemplative knowledge of the truth. e. Knowledge is already as good as it gets. f. Knowledge which it is forbidden to seek is already known by those who ought to know. g. It must therefore be sinful to seek knowledge you do not have, and it is forbidden to do so. h. This futile curiosity masquerades under the name of science and learning†¦for the same reason men are lead to investigate the secrets of nature, which are irrelevant to our lives, although such knowledge is of no value to them and they wish to gain it merely for the sake of knowing. i. For the adept, the vest knowledge is not contemplative knowledge of truth, but effective, operational knowledge tested by trials and perfected through experiences. j. The operational knowledge they esteem is powerful, excellent, rare, and should not be mistreated by allowing it to become common or usual. k. The regime of forbidden knowledge has reappeared among our secular, scientific, orthodox, lacking only the candor to call itself what it is. Knowledge today is not cloacked in hermetic secrecy, though its circulation is jealously guarded by institutional, administrative, disciplinary, and professional restrictions. Out academic-technoscientific complex is an unfortunately obvious example of the new amoral regime of forbidden knowledge. l. Codification corporate monopoly, bureaucratic administration have in this way destroyed knowledge, laid it to waste for the sake of tighter control. m. What modern science lost in the way of an ethics of knowledge was compensated by the gain in objectivity, credibility, reliability, and rigor. n. Double injustice: to the adept, whose knowledge it unjustly discredits, and to our knowledge, which it endows with a methodological certitude it does not have. o. Rather than an extra-scientific prohibition we should think about how scientific training undermines any nascent moral sense students may have of their responsibility for the knowledge entrusted to them. p. No prohibition, no forbidding of knowledge can begin to address a problem that can only be solved through changes in practice, especially in education, especially in the universities and polytechnic institutions. q. If authority wins, knowledge will not merely be forbidden but corrupted, wasted, and lost. 3. Mckee a. The current American policy is dangerous for many reasons. Most obviously, it will lead to policies being implemented that are simply wrong, with potential adverse consequences for human health. b. The history of twentieth century provides many examples. But equally worrying is its impact on public trust. While the situation in the United Kingdom is nothing like that in the United States, politicians tainted by the distortion of evidence on subjects such as BSE and the war in Iraq face difficulties persuading a skeptical population of the safety of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine.

Hamlet & the melancholy character Essay

Hamlet, as the melancholy character has a lot to blame his sadness on. He is constantly occupied by the thoughts of revenge and death but these forces are counterbalanced by his need to be doubly sure of his uncle’s guilt. This drives him to behave irrationally, prompting suggestion of madness and act impulsively which leads to the death of Polonius. He is manipulated by several things throughout the play and is constantly feeling the burden of being driven in one direction or the other by forces which were alien to him only a couple of days back when he was a scholar and the apparent heir to the throne. The ghost of his father leaves him with a task to be completed along with the grief of mourning a father and watching his mother become the wife of the murderer, with what he considers indecent haste. Hamlet is motivated and driven by the uttering of his father’s ghost, his own filial obligation, and the brashness of the murderer in marrying his own mother to usurp his throne. He is driven to sometimes behave and sometimes pretend to be mad to ensure that his thoughts are not revealed to his uncle Claudius. He is driven to misogyny by his apparent loss of belief in women after his mother’s behavior. He is driven to collect the evidence to his father’s death at the hands of his uncle because his thoughtful temperament and erudition do not allow him to find arguments ‘beyond reasonable doubt’ to form a basis for vengeful actions. All these instances when he is driven in directions much against his own volition lead him to believe that he is being manipulated at all levels by situations and people. He is also, perhaps, suspicious of the fact that his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are used to spy on him and manipulate him into certain actions or words. He implores his friend Guildenstern to play the pipe to divert the attention from his own discomfiture. But when he refuses to play claiming that he does not have any knowledge of playing a pipe, he accuses Guildenstern of being incapable of playing the pipe but manipulating him (Hamlet) like a pipe by blowing thoughts into his mind and subtly handling his emotions in a way as to hit the notes desired by people around him. Hamlet is preoccupied with two things throughout the play. They are the basis for action and inaction and his dismay at being manipulated by several things and persons. Arguably, if Hamlet were not the prey to his own inaction, so many of the lives lost in the play would have been saved. Even the final revenge he exacts is not his own doing but the foul play of Claudius that goes awry. He readily gives up all other purpose in his life and begins the journey of revenge (which he eventually discovers that he is singularly incapable of) when his father’s ghost reveals the secret of his death. â€Å"Ay, thou poor ghost, while memory holds a seat In this distracted globe. Remember thee! Yea, from the table of my memory I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records, All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past, That youth and observation copied there; And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the book and volume of my brain, Unmix’d with baser matter: yes, by heaven! † (1. 5. 103-110) Even one of the most famous soliloquies from hamlet are of the effect that Hamlet is being troubled by the cruel hand dealt to him by fate. â€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? —To die,—to sleep,— No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to,—’tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish’d. To die,—to sleep;—â€Å"(3. 1. 58-66) Even his attempts to contemplate suicide are his thoughts that are bound and led by influences foreign to himself. There is also evidence of such distraught thinking on the part of Hamlet in other instances. When he enquires his friends why they have come to meet him, whether they had come of their own volition r they had been summoned, he describes the state of mankind as an inanimate thing that is given too much value. â€Å"What a piece of work is a man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in form and moving how express and admirable! in action how like an angel! in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the world! the paragon of animals! And yet, to me, what is this quintessence of dust? man delights not me: no, nor woman neither,†(2. 2. 291-297) Hamlet feels manipulated by his varied feelings and motivations. He sometimes feels he is just an instrument of revenge. In some instances he feels he is the sum of all contrasting wisdom which prevents him from taking any decisive action. All these contradictions and the preponderance of thoughts about self and the motivations behind actions and the multilayered questioning of wisdom in taking or delaying a particular action – make Hamlet the most complicated and accomplished characterization of Shakespearean tragedies and offers different meanings upon different readings.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder Essay Bipolar Disorder Essay: Finding the Light in the Dark Affecting nearly one percent of the population of the United States, bipolar disorder has quickly become one of the leading forms of mental illness (Spearing). While advancements in medical science and technology have allowed researchers and physicians to understand its elements more clearly, the effects of bipolar disorder are tragic and often deadly. Often the negative results occur due to a lack of proper diagnosis: some seventy-five percent of bipolar cases go untreated (Spearing). Through proper education and public awareness, this serious disease can be properly diagnosed, treated and possibly cured. Bipolar disorder, as defined by the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, is a mood disorder that causes a person to suffer extreme emotional changes and shifts in mood. Previously known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder causes alternate periods of mania and depression. To fully understand the effects of this disease, it is important to comprehend the meanings of mania and depression. Merriam-Websters Dictionary defines mania as excitement manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior, and elevation of mood. Depression, on the other hand, is defined as a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death. (Merriam-Webster). The combination of the two results in emotional chaos. Of all psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder is the most common, affecting between one and two million Americans (Spearing). While it affects males and females equally, there are a few distinctions that can be made about those who do have it. Amongst men, early onset bipolar disorder is more frequent while there is higher rate of rapid cycling, mixed states, and cyclothymia in women (Wurztel 28-31). Also, according to one survey, an estimated 59% of bipolar patients experienced their first symptoms when they were children or adolescents (Harakas G2). Studies show that bipolar disorder occurs in 1% of all age groups (Bipolar Survivor). Evanston Northwestern Hospital claims, There is some indication that the incidence of bipolar disorder may be increasing. While it is important to understand that bipolar disorder is a disease separate from the numerous other types of mental illnesses, it is also necessary to differentiate between the four different types of the disorder. The first type, Bipolar I, is the most often discussed. People who suffer from this type of bipolar disorder experience extreme periods of mania coupled with depression (Bailey). During the extreme times of mania, Bipolar I patients engage in activities that are exceptionally dangerous and eccentric yet they believe that their actions are normal. Such activities may include spending outrageous amounts of money, investing in business schemes without any research or knowledge of the investment, driving recklessly, and engaging in sexual promiscuity (Bipolar Survivor). Also, during advanced mania, all touch with reality is completely lost resulting in delusions and hallucinations (Bailey). With this type of bipolar disorder, there seems to be an abundant amount of energy with almost a complete lack of sleep (Bailey). The second, and most common, type of bipolar disorder is known as Bipolar II. With this type, people experience recurrent bouts of depression without the psychotic episodes of mania. Unlike Bipolar I patients, they suffer from brief spells of hypomania during which they feel euphoric and have a great amount of self-confidence and energy (Bailey). While it may appear that hypomania is similar to general happiness, Dr. Hagop S. Akiskal, a senior advisor at the National Institute of Mental Health, states that hypomania is a recurrent condition; happiness is not (qtd. in Fireman 1470). Generally, this type of bipolar disorder is the mildest form of the disease and is the easiest to treat. Medicated mania, or Bipolar III, is the third type of bipolar disorder. The main difference between this type and the others is that it is the direct result of drug treatment or electroconvulsive therapy for depression (Bailey). Most times this occurs because the patient is misdiagnosed with clinical depression. The final classification of bipolar disorder is known as cyclothemia, or rapid cycling. This type is characterized by intense changes in mood occurring more frequently than what is typically .

The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights Essay

The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Essay Example human rights although structured with a very specific content can sometimes be given different meaning because under the influence of the members of the decisive levels of society’ (Fonte, J., 2004, p.3). In the specific paper human rights are examined from their international perspective as it has been formulated under the influence of United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. At a next level a specific country, Canada, has been chosen as a ‘sample of examination’ regarding the recognition of the value of human rights and their respect throughout the rules set by the government. The study of this issue is mainly based on a specific book which is analyzed as of its structure and its content while the views presented are being criticized as of their applicability in modern life. In this context, current paper has been formulated in order to present as more analytically as possible the ideas and the proposals included in the particular book trying to support any a rgument with the appropriate theoretical and practical data, wherever this has been possible. The presentation of Canada’s political and economic history could be characterized as satisfactory. More specifically, Part I, Chapter 1 and Chapter Three present the country’s structural characteristics supported with a series of statistical data with an extended emphasis on the current economic and political characteristics of the country. A more detailed historical review is included in Chapter Seven which deals also with the country’s capitalist economic development. The comparison with similar conditions in other countries – which are geographically connected with Canada , like United States – help the understanding of current economic and political conditions in the Canadian region. As an example it is mentioned that ‘during the nineteenth century the shift in the centre of the system, from Britain to the United States, began to take place; Economic inter ­locks between Canada and the

Public and Private Plan Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public and Private Plan - Research Paper Example In general, a country with a publicly or privately owned critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) can be a possible target for a terrorist attack. In this report, common factors that make the local enforcement group unable to protect the people and infrastructure facilities will be provided. As the homeland security director in the United States, a list of recommended ways that will enable private and public stakeholders be prepared for, respond to, and recover from a possible terrorist attack on technological infrastructure facility will be tackled in details. Terrorism is defined as â€Å"political violence in an asymmetrical conflict designed to induce terror and psychic fear through violent victimization and destruction of non-combatant targets† (Bockstette, 2008). Since the terrorists are unable to kill their target political and military figures, terrorists usually end up attacking and killing the civilians or cause physical harm to public and private CIKR as a way of capturing the attention of the government. Basically, increasing the fear of the general public could force the government to compromise with what the terrorists demanded (Pfaff, 2002). Despite the past effort to protect the public and private CIKR, the lack of universal plan makes the implementation of NIPP ineffective in most cases. Likewise, the lack of coordination among the shareholders including the Federal government, independent regulatory agencies, the legislative, executive and judicial branches contributes to the development of a weak guidelines and recommendations that could be useful in ensuring a successful implementation of the NIPP (Chertoff, 2009, p. 9). The United States’ technological infrastructure serves as a backbone behind the progress of the country’s national security, economic and social activities. To ensure the

Critical Analysis of the Poem Patriotism by Sir Walter Scott Essay

Critical Analysis of the Poem Patriotism by Sir Walter Scott - Essay Example For example, the first point where allusions come into play is the idea of death but not physical death since that only comes at the end of the poem for the unpatriotic person. Scott alludes that a man without pride in his own country has a dead soul and not only is it a dead soul it is dead in the extreme. That person’s physical death will result in him/her ‘doubly dying’ since the physical as well as the spiritual aspects of the person would die in such a scenario. The rhyme scheme of the poem figures largely in couplets which go together very well even though the third line seems to be slightly out of rhyme since it is a quote which the man in question has not said. However, the continuation of the poem establishes a scheme which goes as AA B CC D EE FF GG HH and so on. This also establishes the iambic pentameter measure of the poem that makes it easy to read while the words themselves hold pointed meaning for the readers of the work. The imagery in the poem sh ines through with the idea of such a man being given titles, a proud name and wealth but no real soul since these worldly goods will end for that man once he has died. However, since he had no patriotism in his soul, his death remains unnoticed because he was concentrated only on his own self and never for the country to which he belonged. This is indeed an image of despair which is only highlighted by the next section that shows that his death, much like his life remained without use to his country or even to those who were around him. In conclusion, it becomes easy to say that Scott himself comes across as being immensely patriotic and the poem in question certainly shows what he thinks about those who are unpatriotic. While patriotism may be a dangerous emotion for some, individuals such as Sir Walter Scott would make it the first criteria for having a soul or for being a good person. I found the poem to be quite uplifting in the beginning but the