Artificial Heart Devices Essay -- essays research papers

Artificial Heart Devices In its never ending pursuit of advancement, science has reached a crucial biotechnological plateau, the creation of artificial organs. Such a concept may seem easy to comprehend until one considers the vast knowledge required to provide a functional substitute for one of nature's creations. One then realizes the true immensity of this breakthrough. Since ancient times, humans have viewed the heart as more than just a physical part of the body. It has been thought the seat of the soul, the source of emotion, and the center of each individual's existence. For many years, doctors and researchers left the heart untouched because they thought it was too delicate, too crucial to withstand the rigors of surgery. However, the innate human desire to achieve brought about the invention of the artificial heart. The potential for such inventions are enormous. According to the American Heart Association, there are between 16,000 and 40,000 possible recipients of artificial heart devices under the age of sixty-five. If perfected, it would enable us to save thousands of human lives. In considering the full impact of artificial heart devices on society, we must not narrow our thinking to include only the beneficial possibilities. There exist moral, ethical, and economic factors that accompany these new innovations to humanity. Who will receive these brilliant inventions? Obviously not all of the patients will get transplants, so selection criteria must be established. The high price of artificial heart devices and their implantation will eliminate some candidates. Unfortunately, this is not fair. The rich, in essence, can buy life, whereas the poor are abandoned to die in a diseased state. A thorough analysis of the implications of the implantation of such devices reveals not only selection and economic consideration, but mortality and ethics as well. Many contest that it is simply wrong to tamper with the ways and creations of nature. By prolonging life through unnatural means were are defeating natures foremost tenet of the "survival of the fittest." We are preserving the weaker gene pools and contributing to the deterioration of the human species. These and other considerations play a vital role in determining the artificial transplants actual benefit to the contemporary world and the world of tomorrow. A... ...evices for the heart will definitely have a great impact on society. This can be classified in two major ways: financial problems and population problems. Of course, increased use of artificial heart devices in medicine is going to increase the financial burden on society. The potential gains will be substantial when the lives of many productive individuals can be saved. The extent of the financial burden depends largely upon the number of patients who benefit from the artificial valve, the availability of the device, and improvements in its efficiency and dependability. In the long run, worldwide utility of the artificial valve technology would increase the world population. Overpopulation is already the root of many of the world's crises. The many debates concerning artificial heart implantation as a medical technique each have their own significance, and each deserves thorough consideration. Before we rush headlong into complete employment of the devices in medicine, we must evaluate the moral, social, ethical, arguments. Hopefully we can reach a decision that blends all of the aforementioned considerations into a harmonious existence, working to the maximum benefit of society.

Brain Drain in India Essay

The concept of brain drain is of a recent one that has ever strongly emerged since the last few decades. The phrase brain drain refers to the increasing tendency of the young, energetic, capable and talented youth of a country to migrate to another country in search of their fortune — rather better fortune. They forsake their motherland for they seek better opportunities in other countries. This has become a characteristic more of the intelligentsia of the nation—the doctors, engineers, scientists, M.B.As, C.As, lawyers and other professionals. Investment in education in a developing country may not lead to faster economic growth if a large number of its highly educated people leave the country. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) estimates that India loses $2 billion a year because of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S.[45] Indian students going abroad for their higher studies costs India a foreign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually. Our country is gradually being deprived of its intellectual capacity. Brain drain is also regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the government. Our nation, if this continues, will be rendered intellectually impoverished and impotent. This, in turn, is leading to a great loss of National wealth. But, have we ever thought of the reasons behind such a great movement of brain outside the country? Like always, we prefer to harp upon the problems rather than find a solution. Why does India, a great and domineering nation in Asia, have to face such a grave and serious problem? Why is our youth allured by the stranger meadows and horizons? Why do they prefer to work hard and be honest there, instead of here?The first answer to this problem is that we have utterly failed to our youth in providing the right kind of career opportunities and the opportunities to prove their capabilities. India has fallen face down when it comes to fulfilling their aspirations, ambitions and dreams. Countries like USA, UK, Germany, France, Russia, Italy, Japan etc have developed greatly in their technology, science, electronics, computers, astronomy etc. Thus, these countries provide greater opportunities—quality as well as quantity-wise. The facilities, packages, scholarships etc provided by these nations are far better than what we can  provide them in a lifetime. The only thing we can do is that when Indians like Amartya Sen, Arundhati Roy or Kalpana Chawla make it to international fame, we jump with joy and hypocritically say that they are Indians and we are proud of them. Cynics allege that talents like these can never hide. It will unreveal itself ultimately under every or any circumstances. This is utter foolishness. It is only reasonable and logical to think how you can expect a seed to sprout without providing it with sufficient water, fertilizer, manure, heat and protection. Same is the case with men too. How can the youth of a nation rise to superhuman feats when we cannot even provide them with humane conditions? He too, has a right to live and move ahead. Therefore, his reason leads him elsewhere in search of the land of his dreams where he can see these dreams, taking real shape. He can soar high, fly to his own liking in other countries whereas his wings are clipped short and he is left to suffocate and die on his own. Moreover, when Indian students, studying abroad return, they find themselves without any job or opportunity because we in reality have no jobs or employment avenues to match their caliber. Hence, even if they want to stay back, necessity forces them out of the country to earn a living. If we want to put a check to this growing problem, we have to create better jobs and offer better opportunities to our intellectuals so that we can woo them to stay on. Our IT professionals and IIM graduates are the best in the world. Countries welcome them with open arms. Why cant we think of some measures where we can absorb our best within our own country? We can use the best potential of the country to accelerate our progress in socio-economic fields. We need to give deserving jobs to students who return to India after completing their education abroad full of fresh ideas, zeal, idealism and patriotism. We need to formulate such policies which attract our scientists, engineers, lawyers, doctors, researchers, MBAS to come back to their motherland and work together for its progress. We need to weed out petty politics and corruption to provide a better living atmosphere and a better working condition if we seriously want to block the brain drain from our country. â€Å"We recognize the greatest strength of India is not just the number  of people, it’s the skill level that exists here† say an International Company. REFERENCES Lincoln C. Chen, M.D., and Jo Ivey Boufford, M.D. â€Å"Fatal Flows Doctors on the Move† New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 353:18501852 October 27, 2005 Number 17 online version, editorialCheng, L., & Yang, P. Q. â€Å"Global interaction, global inequality, and migration of the highly trained to the United States. International Migration Review, (1998). 32, 62694. Jeff Colgan, The Promise and Peril ff International Trade, (2005) ch 9. David Heenan.Flight Capital: The Alarming Exodus of America’s Best and Brightest (2005), brain drain in reverse as immigrants return homeDevesh Kapur and John McHale. Give Us Your Best and Brightest: The Global Hunt for Talent and Its Impact on the Developing World (2005) [2]Dowty, Alan (1989), Closed Borders: The Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement, Yale University Press, ISBN 0300044984Harrison, Hope Millard (2003), Driving the Soviets Up the Wall: Soviet-East German Relations, 19531961, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0691096783Kemp, Paul. Goodbye Canada? (2003), from Canada to U.S. Khadria, Binod. The Migration of Knowledge Workers: Second-Generation Effects of India’s Brain Drain, (2000)Kuznetsov, Yevgeny. Diaspora Networks and the International Migration of Skills: How Countries Can Draw on Their Talent Abroad (2006)D. W. Livingstone; The Education-Jobs Gap: Underemployment or Economic Democracy (1998), focus on Canada online editionDouglas S. Massey and J. Edward Taylor; International Migration: Prospects and Policies in a Global Market, (2003) online editionMullan, Fitzhugh. â€Å"The Metrics of the Physician Brain Drain.† New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 353:18101818 October 27, 2005 Number 17 online versionCaglar Ozden and Maurice Schiff. International Migration, Remittances, and Brain Drain. (2005)Ransford W. Palmer; In Search of a Better Life: Perspectives on Migration from the Caribbean Praeger Publishers, 1990 online editionPearson, Raymond (1998), The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire, Macmillan, ISBN 0312174071Ronald Skeldon an d Wang Gungwu; Reluctant Exiles? Migration from Hong Kong and the New Overseas Chinese 1994 online editionMichael Peter Smith and Adrian Favell. The Human Face of Global Mobility: International Highly Skilled Migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific, (2006)Thackeray, Frank W. (2004), Events that changed Germany, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0313328145David Zweig, Chen Changgui, and Stanley Rosen; China’s Brain Drain to the United States: Views of Overseas Chinese Students and Scholars in the 1990s Institute of East Asian Studies, 1995 online edition

Implementation Of A Project Management - 2548 Words

Projects must be properly planned, especially when there are a number of professionals involved in it. It is the duty of the management to introduce the planning and ensure that all the activities required on a project are carried out within the specify time. Over the years effective project monitoring and controlling has been the centre of attention within the construction industry, as a result of delays in delivering projects on time. The complexity and the manner of work being carried out in the construction industry can impact on the project performance. Taking into account the complexity and size of the projects, the capability to plan, monitor control such complexity is one of the key functions of project management. Cookie and†¦show more content†¦Insaying that, diveation from plans sometimes occurs due to the nature and the uncertainity that are associated with the industry. Al-Jibouri (2003). Nonetheless, Pilcher (1992) argued that, proper implementation of monit oring and control techniques on construction projects can reduce these uncertanities. Aims and Objectives To discuss how to resolve the delays in the critical path activites of the school project, without affecting the target completion date of the project. To focus on the use of effective monitoring and control techniques To provide recommendations as how to maximise learning within and between projects. When looking at the monitoring and control techniques on a construction project, it is important to point out that there are a number of them. However, this report looks at various cost control techniques that are used on a construction project because cost control is absolutely vital aswel as time and quality. This report also looks at other types of monitoring and control techniques, such as the Precedence diagram method and Crtitical path method. Literature Review Project management is seen as the application of skills, knowledge, tools and tecniques to projects activities that has to do with the demands of the project. (PMBOK, 2008). Futhermore, project management was defined by Kchithkara (1998) being the